Status of Plant and Livestock Lighting and Analysis of Potential Consequences
Mood lighting is often misunderstood as human lighting (HCL). But human lighting contains more, because it includes bio-available light, or beneficial or dangerous, depending on the correct application. Although the relevant parts of the radiation spectrum may be different, illumination is effective for both plants and animals, with a clear effect.
The industry has done a lot of research in plant growth and animal breeding. In some ways even more than human lighting. This article details the various biological effects of the same wavelength on plants, livestock and humans and compares current knowledge about different genera to provide inspiration for human-induced lighting (HCL).
The status of gardening lighting
The use of bio-effective spectral lighting control in the field of plant cultivation has become quite common. Industrial use is permeating and the further possible relevance of the research is in progress. However, the basic research currently available is the plant behavior at different wavelengths.
By stimulating with cryptochromes, phototin and phytochrome, plants are found to grow stronger leaves and become more resistant to stress at wavelengths less than 400 nm (UV radiation). The above plants are not only effective when exposed to such shortwave radiation, but also when combined with wavelength (see below). In addition, the use of small amounts of UV radiation can be used as a means of preventing fungal infections.
Figures 1a and b: (a) Chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b absorption spectra; (b) Emission spectra of gardening COB LED modules.
Wavelengths between 400nm and 500nm produce a range of effects, but do not have to be used in large quantities. Irradiation with blue light can largely prevent plants from becoming dry (transpiration). In the field of household appliances, modern refrigerators provide blue light to the vegetable room, helping to maintain the freshness of the fruit.
However, this wavelength range also causes plant growth retardation, which can lead to faulting (dwarf / dwarf plants) between leaf segments and thus negative effects.
Increasing light in the green wavelength range (600 nm to 700 nm) counteracts the growth retardation of blue light and prevents the fault segments between leaf layers.
Red light (700 nm to 800 nm) in turn allows plants to grow larger flowers and grow in a more compact form. The wavelength range of 700nm-800nm has a significant impact on plants, especially for the scent of edible plants.
Therefore, the correct mixing of these different wavelength ranges can produce a variety of light scenarios that not only improve plant growth but also have potential for optimization in terms of energy consumption and plant quality. Through the spectrum adjustment, can adapt to the growth stage, can achieve energy efficiency. Multi-channel systems can inhibit unwanted growth factors at any given point in time. Premature lighting with longwave red light does not improve the root's length. However, providing red light at the right time can make fruits such as tomatoes mature in a targeted manner. Make sure your fruit matures while maximizing yield.
However, this spectral exposure can not be defined by the integer value of the light source. A single μmol value, without any distinction between the wavelengths of the radiation, makes no sense here and only indicates the light source output. For practical use, it is best to divide the light into wavelength ranges and assign dedicated lighting tasks.
Livestock lighting status quo
In the field of animal husbandry, adjustable light source has not reached the advanced level. Although some effects have been found in livestock husbandry, the underlying biological causes are not yet known. In contrast, the use of artificial lighting in livestock farms is becoming more commonplace, and now more and more shelters keep livestock in it, so it is sunless and therefore depends on artificial lighting. Moreover, there has been a dramatic increase in global demand for meat and poultry demand has risen to the highest in the world, surpassing that of pork.
Poultry low prices, breeding speed. Within seven weeks, a chick can grow to 1.8 kilos. Based on the information available to date, the following lighting scene is advantageous. In the first few weeks of life, green light contributes to good muscle growth, while blue light increases the production of hormones. In order to increase food absorption, the use of yellow-white light. If the chickens often peck at each other, the red light can reduce their aggressiveness and can have a positive effect on the cannibalism and the use of antibiotics, but trials involving the exact wavelengths have not yet taken place. The chicken's visual spectrum is much broader than the human visual spectrum. Therefore, it is difficult to evaluate using a conventional light source (adjusted to V (λ)). The same applies to other poultry such as ducks, geese and turkeys.
It is worth mentioning that, 480nm blue light will keep the cows awake, so that milk production increased by 8%. Dairy cattle have no visual ability beyond 640 nm.
A detailed assessment of the impact of lighting on the pig industry has not yet taken place but has not yet been carried out due to the current market prices.
In these applications, operating technology is another factor that has a significant impact on lighting. Lighting should have a particularly high anti-stroboscopic ability.
Livestock and plants handle visual stimuli faster than humans do. Using constant current operation is the best option and can have a positive impact on overall poultry and animal health.
Instead of using a simple PWM method for dimming, a "clean" pulse control should be configurable and must be synchronized in the case of spectral (multi-channel) illumination. If not assured, the result is stress on livestock, which in turn can negatively impact product quality.
Figure 2: The "illumination equalizer" is an 11-channel system that allows spectral tuning to better control plant growth. In addition to controlling growth or opening larger flowers, this system can provide other benefits as well.
Figure 3: Horticultural lighting in the climate chamber
Figure 4: Picture shows common spectral lighting in a chicken farm.
A simple comparison of plants, animals and humans
If the known "plant spectrum" is now compared to the one currently used in livestock husbandry, it is easy to see that the main wavelengths are about the same. In this case, no clear conclusion can be drawn as to the magnitude of the spectral composition.
The effects of a single spectrum on human biological stimuli are almost never studied. It is currently known that blue light (480 nm) inhibits the production of melatonin, which can be considered as the first relevant step in the use of HCL in the field of general lighting.
Sensitivity (acceptance) of plants and humans to spectral wavelengths is similar to that of chickens (Figure 5).
Figure 5: Comparison of greenhouse and livestock and human factor wavelengths and their effects
Sunshine provides the basis for all forms of life and life, and only the typical environment affects its own spectrum: forests and deserts, hills and valleys, land and water.
Based on the conclusions drawn from the studies, analyzes and tests in all three areas (plants, livestock and humans), similarities can be found between wavelength-dependent effects. For example, in chickens, the stress hormone cortisol can be reduced with the "red" wavelength.
Potential consequences
In general, problems remain with the correct naming of these processes and measurable factors. Lux and lumens can not be extended to the infrared and ultraviolet bands. V (λ) curves do not effectively represent melatonin inhibition at 480 nm. HCL is not suitable for the traditional lighting configuration specifications. In the tender, HCL compatible lamps will be lost in terms of lumens / watt efficiency.
Since the effects of HCL on humans should be described by the extent of exposure, this spectral range should be measured in μmol for all other life forms and organisms.
However, it is common practice in chicken farming to use the sensitivity curves of the species to assess the extent of contact of the same species. However, "chicken lux" can apply to all birds?
The impact of strobing on livestock is well known. Operating frequencies up to 1 kHz can negatively affect the health of livestock. Other organisms with rapid "visual" responses include plankton and algae. In the field of general lighting, this situation can not be underestimated. A constant current driven multi-channel driver can have a positive effect on the desired result, as the light will be permanently available.
in conclusion
In the future, standard lighting practices in the livestock husbandry sector will also be established in the general lighting field. This will also benefit the HCL as the technical specifications are largely transferable. In order to ensure the safety of the plan, it is necessary to define the product function.
link by : www.likeyli.com
The industry has done a lot of research in plant growth and animal breeding. In some ways even more than human lighting. This article details the various biological effects of the same wavelength on plants, livestock and humans and compares current knowledge about different genera to provide inspiration for human-induced lighting (HCL).
The status of gardening lighting
The use of bio-effective spectral lighting control in the field of plant cultivation has become quite common. Industrial use is permeating and the further possible relevance of the research is in progress. However, the basic research currently available is the plant behavior at different wavelengths.
By stimulating with cryptochromes, phototin and phytochrome, plants are found to grow stronger leaves and become more resistant to stress at wavelengths less than 400 nm (UV radiation). The above plants are not only effective when exposed to such shortwave radiation, but also when combined with wavelength (see below). In addition, the use of small amounts of UV radiation can be used as a means of preventing fungal infections.
Wavelengths between 400nm and 500nm produce a range of effects, but do not have to be used in large quantities. Irradiation with blue light can largely prevent plants from becoming dry (transpiration). In the field of household appliances, modern refrigerators provide blue light to the vegetable room, helping to maintain the freshness of the fruit.
However, this wavelength range also causes plant growth retardation, which can lead to faulting (dwarf / dwarf plants) between leaf segments and thus negative effects.
Increasing light in the green wavelength range (600 nm to 700 nm) counteracts the growth retardation of blue light and prevents the fault segments between leaf layers.
Red light (700 nm to 800 nm) in turn allows plants to grow larger flowers and grow in a more compact form. The wavelength range of 700nm-800nm has a significant impact on plants, especially for the scent of edible plants.
Therefore, the correct mixing of these different wavelength ranges can produce a variety of light scenarios that not only improve plant growth but also have potential for optimization in terms of energy consumption and plant quality. Through the spectrum adjustment, can adapt to the growth stage, can achieve energy efficiency. Multi-channel systems can inhibit unwanted growth factors at any given point in time. Premature lighting with longwave red light does not improve the root's length. However, providing red light at the right time can make fruits such as tomatoes mature in a targeted manner. Make sure your fruit matures while maximizing yield.
However, this spectral exposure can not be defined by the integer value of the light source. A single μmol value, without any distinction between the wavelengths of the radiation, makes no sense here and only indicates the light source output. For practical use, it is best to divide the light into wavelength ranges and assign dedicated lighting tasks.
Livestock lighting status quo
In the field of animal husbandry, adjustable light source has not reached the advanced level. Although some effects have been found in livestock husbandry, the underlying biological causes are not yet known. In contrast, the use of artificial lighting in livestock farms is becoming more commonplace, and now more and more shelters keep livestock in it, so it is sunless and therefore depends on artificial lighting. Moreover, there has been a dramatic increase in global demand for meat and poultry demand has risen to the highest in the world, surpassing that of pork.
Poultry low prices, breeding speed. Within seven weeks, a chick can grow to 1.8 kilos. Based on the information available to date, the following lighting scene is advantageous. In the first few weeks of life, green light contributes to good muscle growth, while blue light increases the production of hormones. In order to increase food absorption, the use of yellow-white light. If the chickens often peck at each other, the red light can reduce their aggressiveness and can have a positive effect on the cannibalism and the use of antibiotics, but trials involving the exact wavelengths have not yet taken place. The chicken's visual spectrum is much broader than the human visual spectrum. Therefore, it is difficult to evaluate using a conventional light source (adjusted to V (λ)). The same applies to other poultry such as ducks, geese and turkeys.
It is worth mentioning that, 480nm blue light will keep the cows awake, so that milk production increased by 8%. Dairy cattle have no visual ability beyond 640 nm.
A detailed assessment of the impact of lighting on the pig industry has not yet taken place but has not yet been carried out due to the current market prices.
In these applications, operating technology is another factor that has a significant impact on lighting. Lighting should have a particularly high anti-stroboscopic ability.
Livestock and plants handle visual stimuli faster than humans do. Using constant current operation is the best option and can have a positive impact on overall poultry and animal health.
Instead of using a simple PWM method for dimming, a "clean" pulse control should be configurable and must be synchronized in the case of spectral (multi-channel) illumination. If not assured, the result is stress on livestock, which in turn can negatively impact product quality.
Figure 3: Horticultural lighting in the climate chamber
A simple comparison of plants, animals and humans
If the known "plant spectrum" is now compared to the one currently used in livestock husbandry, it is easy to see that the main wavelengths are about the same. In this case, no clear conclusion can be drawn as to the magnitude of the spectral composition.
The effects of a single spectrum on human biological stimuli are almost never studied. It is currently known that blue light (480 nm) inhibits the production of melatonin, which can be considered as the first relevant step in the use of HCL in the field of general lighting.
Sensitivity (acceptance) of plants and humans to spectral wavelengths is similar to that of chickens (Figure 5).
Sunshine provides the basis for all forms of life and life, and only the typical environment affects its own spectrum: forests and deserts, hills and valleys, land and water.
Based on the conclusions drawn from the studies, analyzes and tests in all three areas (plants, livestock and humans), similarities can be found between wavelength-dependent effects. For example, in chickens, the stress hormone cortisol can be reduced with the "red" wavelength.
Potential consequences
In general, problems remain with the correct naming of these processes and measurable factors. Lux and lumens can not be extended to the infrared and ultraviolet bands. V (λ) curves do not effectively represent melatonin inhibition at 480 nm. HCL is not suitable for the traditional lighting configuration specifications. In the tender, HCL compatible lamps will be lost in terms of lumens / watt efficiency.
Since the effects of HCL on humans should be described by the extent of exposure, this spectral range should be measured in μmol for all other life forms and organisms.
However, it is common practice in chicken farming to use the sensitivity curves of the species to assess the extent of contact of the same species. However, "chicken lux" can apply to all birds?
The impact of strobing on livestock is well known. Operating frequencies up to 1 kHz can negatively affect the health of livestock. Other organisms with rapid "visual" responses include plankton and algae. In the field of general lighting, this situation can not be underestimated. A constant current driven multi-channel driver can have a positive effect on the desired result, as the light will be permanently available.
in conclusion
In the future, standard lighting practices in the livestock husbandry sector will also be established in the general lighting field. This will also benefit the HCL as the technical specifications are largely transferable. In order to ensure the safety of the plan, it is necessary to define the product function.
link by : www.likeyli.com
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